Modeling of the entrepreneurial survival equation of medellín's industrial sector

Introduction. The intention of this work is to invetigate the probability of survival of the new companies created in the Medellín Industrial sector between the years 2000 and 2010. Also to highlight some determinants of the factors of success in the consolidation and acceptance of companies in the Market, in the time lapses immediately following their gestation. Objective. Calculate the cumulative survival rate of companies belonging to the Industrial sector of the city of Medellín created in the period between 2000 and 2010. Considering the size, legal nature and industrial sector to which it is circumscribed. Materials and methods. To account for the objective was used the survival function in a certain period shows the percentage of companies alive after a certain number of periods after their appearance. The risk function shows the percentage of companies closing t periods of time after its birth. Results. The risk of disappearance of a company decreases as the antiquity increases, additionally, is smaller in companies that are born with a larger or big size. The creation of companies is greater among the smaller ones, but present higher mortality rates in the first years of life. The survival of new companies is positively related to their size at birth.

Introducción. El propósito del presente trabajo es el de investigar la probabilidad de supervivencia de las nuevas empresas creadas en el sector industrial de Medellín entre los años 2000 y 2010. Así mismo evidenciar algunos determinantes de los factores de éxito en la consolidación y aceptación de las empresas en el mercado, en los periodos de tiempo inmediatamente posteriores a su gestación. Objetivo. Calcular la tasa acumulada de supervivencia de las empresas pertenecientes al sector Industrial de la ciudad de Medellín creadas en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2010. Esto teniendo en cuenta el tamaño, naturaleza jurídica y sector industrial al que se circunscriben. Materiales y métodos. Para dar cuenta del objetivo se utilizó la función de supervivencia en un cierto período muestra el porcentaje de empresas vivas después de que transcurran un número determinado de períodos tras su aparición. La función de riesgo muestra el porcentaje de empresas que cierra t períodos después de su nacimiento. A su vez, la función de supervivencia recoge el porcentaje de empresas vivas t períodos después del nacimiento. Resultados. El riesgo de desaparición de una empresa disminuye conforme aumenta la antigüedad, adicionalmente, es menor en las empresas que nacen con un mayor tamaño. La creación de empresas es mayor entre las de menor tamaño, pero presentan mayores tasas de mortalidad en los primeros años de vida. La supervivencia de las nuevas empresas se encuentra positivamente relacionada con su tamaño al nacer.

Introdução. O propósito do presente trabalho é o de investigar a probabilidade de supervivência das novas empresas criadas no setor industrial de Medellín entre os anos 2000 e 2010. Assim mesmo evidenciar alguns determinantes dos fatores de sucesso na consolidação e aceitação das empresas no mercado, nos períodos de tempo imediatamente posteriores à sua gestação. Objetivo. Calcular a taxa acumulada de supervivência das empresas pertencentes ao sector Industrial da cidade de Medellín criadas no período entre os anos 2000 e 2010. Isto tendo em conta o tamanho, natureza jurídica e setor industrial ao que se circunscrevem. Materiais e métodos. Para dar conta do objetivo se utilizou a função de supervivência num certo período de amostra a porcentagem de empresas vivas depois de que transcorram um número determinado de períodos após sua aparição. A função de risco mostra a porcentagem de empresas que fecha t períodos depois do seu nascimento. Por sua vez, a função de supervivência recolhe a porcentagem de empresas vivas t períodos depois do nascimento. Resultados. O risco de desaparição de uma empresa diminui conforme aumenta a antiguidade, adicionalmente, é menor nas empresas que nascem com um maior tamanho. A criação de empresas é maior entre as de menor tamanho, mas apresentam maiores taxas de mortalidade nos primeiros anos de vida. A supervivência das novas empresas se encontra positivamente relacionada com seu tamanho ao nascer.

Effect of lesion length on functional significance of intermediate long coronary lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between lesion length and other angiographic parameters on the functional significance of long coronary lesions with moderate stenosis. BACKGROUND: Coronary revascularization is usually based on angiographic percent stenosis. Coronary stenosis length is not usually considered in daily clinical practice for revascularization decision-making. The relevance of lesion length might be greater in longer lesions with intermediate stenosis. METHODS: All coronary lesions >20 mm and of 40-70% percent stenosis assessed by intracoronary pressure wire between 2007 and 2009 were included. Interventionists performing digital quantification of lesion stenosis were blinded to the result of fractional flow reserve (FFR). Correlations between angiographic data and FFR were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and six lesions from 103 patients were included. Reference diameter: 2.9 ± 0.56 mm; maximal stenosis: 49.0 ± 8.7%; minimal luminal diameter (MinimalLD): 1.48 ± 0.4 mm; mean luminal diameter (MeanLD): 2.3 ± 0.5 mm; mean lesion length: 28.7 ± 10.6 mm. Lesions with FFR <0.75 accounted for 33% (n = 35). Weak correlations were obtained between FFR and MinimalLD (r = 0.36; P < 0.0005), MeanLD (r = 0.24; P = 0.014), maximal stenosis (r = 0.31; P = 0.001), and mean stenosis (r = 0.018; P = 0.85); strong correlations were observed between FFR and lesion length (r = 0.63; P < 0.0005), lesion length/MinimalLD (r = 0.67; P < 0.0005), and lesion length/MeanLD (0.72; P < 0.0005). The predictive values of lesion length, lesion length/MinimalLD, and lesion length/MeanLD for FFR <0.75 were 0.86, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In long lesions (>20 mm) with moderate angiographic stenosis, lesion length might be the strongest determinant of functional repercussion. Lesion length should be considered when judging the benefit of revascularization or perform functional functional measures that overcome the limitations of simple stenosis quantification.

Carotid resistive index in treated hypertensive patients: relationship with target organ damage.

AIM: The resistive index (RI) is a hemodynamic parameter that reflects local wall extensibility and related vascular resistance. We analyze the relationship between common carotid RI and target organ damage in treated hypertensive patients. METHODS: We analyzed 265 consecutive hypertensive patients. Risk factors, cardiovascular history and treatments were collected; blood test, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), echocardiography to determine left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and carotid echo-Doppler ultrasound to calculate the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and RI of both common carotids arteries were performed. RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between carotid RI and age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, carotid IMT, LVMI, UAE and a negative correlation was found with diastolic blood pressure and ABI. Subjects at the top quartile of carotid RI showed a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and peripheral artery disease (increased IMT, carotid plaques and lower ABI) compared with those with low RI (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and LVMI independently influence carotid RI. CONCLUSION: Carotid RI is related with age, systolic-diastolic blood pressure and LVMI in hypertensive patient. This evaluation could predict the presence of early cardiovascular damage and provide an accurate estimation of overall risk in this population.

Impacto del control de las cifras de presión arterial sobre el índice tobillo-brazo en el paciente hipertenso / Impact of blood pressure control on the ankle-brachial index in hypertensive patients

Fundamento y objetivo: Las guías de hipertensión arterial recomiendan la determinación sistemática del índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) en la estratificación inicial del riesgo en pacientes hipertensos, si bien no indican si deben de realizarse controles evolutivos. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la evolución del ITB a un año de seguimiento en pacientes hipertensos según el control clínico de la presión arterial (PA). Pacientes y método: Se han incluido 209 pacientes hipertensos a los que se les determinó el ITB a nivel basal y tras un año de tratamiento antihipertensivo. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 2 grupos según presentaran buen/mal control clínico de la PA al año (<140/90mmHg). Resultados: El 82,8% de la población presentó un buen control de la PA al año y ello se asoció a un incremento significativo del ITB (1,081 frente a 1,046 basal, p=0,002). Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias del ITB en los pacientes con mal control de PA (1,054 al año frente a 1,093 basal). Conclusión: Un adecuado control de la PA se asocia con un aumento del valor del ITB tras un año de seguimiento (AU)

Background and objective: The guidelines for arterial hypertension recommend a systematic determination of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the initial risk stratification in hypertensive patients, while not indicating whether controls should be evolutionary. Our aim was to analyze the evolution of the ABI value in hypertensive patients in terms of control of blood pressure (BP) after one year follow-up. Patients and methods: We included 209 hypertensive patients, in whom ABI was determined at baseline and after one year of antihypertensive treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups in terms of good/poor clinical control of BP (<140/90mmHg). Results: A total of 82.8% of the population showed a good control of the BP after one year of treatment and it was associated with significant increase in the ABI value (1.081 versus 1.046 at baseline, P=.002). By contrast, there was no difference of ABI value in patients with poor BP control (1.054 versus 1.093 at baseline). Conclusions: A good clinical control of BP is associated with an increase in the value of the ABI (AU)

[Impact of blood pressure control on the ankle-brachial index in hypertensive patients]. / Impacto del control de las cifras de presión arterial sobre el índice tobillo-brazo en el paciente hipertenso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The guidelines for arterial hypertension recommend a systematic determination of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the initial risk stratification in hypertensive patients, while not indicating whether controls should be evolutionary. Our aim was to analyze the evolution of the ABI value in hypertensive patients in terms of control of blood pressure (BP) after one year follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 209 hypertensive patients, in whom ABI was determined at baseline and after one year of antihypertensive treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups in terms of good/poor clinical control of BP (<140/90 mmHg). RESULTS: A total of 82.8% of the population showed a good control of the BP after one year of treatment and it was associated with significant increase in the ABI value (1.081 versus 1.046 at baseline, P=.002). By contrast, there was no difference of ABI value in patients with poor BP control (1.054 versus 1.093 at baseline). CONCLUSIONS: A good clinical control of BP is associated with an increase in the value of the ABI.

Validez diagnóstica del NT-proBNP frente al electrocardiograma en la detección de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda de origen hipertensivo / Diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP compared with electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive origin

El electrocardiograma (ECG) es el método más utilizado para el diagnóstico de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) en pacientes hipertensos. Analizamos la utilidad del propéptido natriurético cerebral N-terminal (NT-proBNP) en la identificación de HVI comparado con el ECG en 336 pacientes hipertensos consecutivos con función sistólica conservada. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre concentración de NT-proBNP y masa ventricular izquierda ajustada por superficie corporal (r=0,41; p<0,001). El área bajo la curva receiver operating characteristic fue de 0,75 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,7-0,8). Un punto de corte de 74,2 pg/ml presentaba una sensibilidad superior que el ECG (el 76,6 frente al 25,5%; p<0,001) y un mayor valor predictivo negativo (el 87,8 frente al 76,6%; p<0,001) en la identificación de HVI. El NT-proBNP puede ser una buena herramienta en el cribado de HVI en pacientes hipertensos (AU)

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the most widely used method for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients. We assessed the value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) determination compared with ECG for detecting LVH in 336 consecutive hypertensive patients with preserved systolic function. We found a significant correlation between NT-proBNP levels and left ventricular mass adjusted for body surface area (r=.41; P<.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.7-0.8). A cut-off of 74.2 pg/mL had a greater sensitivity than ECG (76.6% vs 25.5%; P<.001) and a higher negative predictive value (87.8% vs 76.6%; P<.001) in the identification of LVH. NT-proBNP determination may be a useful tool for LVH screening in hypertensive patients (AU)

[Diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP compared with electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive origin]. / Validez diagnóstica del NT-proBNP frente al electrocardiograma en la detección de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda de origen hipertensivo.

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the most widely used method for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients. We assessed the value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) determination compared with ECG for detecting LVH in 336 consecutive hypertensive patients with preserved systolic function. We found a significant correlation between NT-proBNP levels and left ventricular mass adjusted for body surface area (r=.41; P<.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.7-0.8). A cut-off of 74.2 pg/mL had a greater sensitivity than ECG (76.6% vs 25.5%; P<.001) and a higher negative predictive value (87.8% vs 76.6%; P<.001) in the identification of LVH. NT-proBNP determination may be a useful tool for LVH screening in hypertensive patients.

¿Qué medida del grosor íntima-media carotídeo caracteriza mejor la carga aterosclerótica del paciente hipertenso: valor máximo o medio? / What Measure of Carotid Wall Thickening Is the Best Atherosclerotic Loading Score in the Hypertensive Patient: Maximum or Mean Value?

El aumento del grosor íntima-media carotídeo (GIMc) es un marcador de lesión de órgano diana establecido en las guías de hipertensión arterial, si bien no especifica si debemos utilizar el GIMc máximo o medio. Nuestro objetivo es comparar ambas medidas y su relación con la carga aterosclerótica. Hemos analizado consecutivamente a 215 pacientes hipertensos que han sido clasificados en tres grupos: GIMc máximo > 0,9 mm (GIMc medio<0,9 mm), GIMc medio>0,9 mm (GIMc medio y máximo>0,9 mm) y grupo GIMc normal. Los pacientes con GIMc patológico (máximo o medio) presentaban mayor prevalencia de dislipemia, mayor edad, mayor tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión y peor filtrado glomerular e índice tobillo-brazo. Además, los pacientes con GIMc medio>0,9 mm tenían mayor prevalencia de placas y estenosis carotÍdeas y peor índice tobillo-brazo que los pacientes con GIMc máximo>0,9 mm. El GIMc medio supone una mejor aproximación de la carga aterosclerótica del paciente hipertenso (AU)

Recent guidelines on arterial hypertension regard increased carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) as a marker of end-organ damage. However, these guidelines do not specify whether the maximum or mean IMT should be used as an indicator. The aim of this study was to compare these two measures and their relationship to atherosclerotic burden. The study involved 215 consecutive hypertensive patients who were divided into three groups according to their IMT: maximum IMT >0.9mm (with mean IMT<0.9mm); mean IMT >0.9mm (i.e. mean and maximum IMT >0.9mm); and normal IMT. Patients with a pathologically raised IMT (whether maximum or mean value) were more likely to be dyslipidemic, were older, had a longer history of hypertension, and had a poorer glomerular filtration rate and ankle–brachial index. Patients with a mean IMT >0.9mm were more likely to have carotid plaque, carotid stenosis and a low ankle–brachial index than those with a maximum IMT >0.9mm. The mean IMT provided a better indication of atherosclerotic burden in patients with hypertension (AU)

[What measure of carotid wall thickening is the best atherosclerotic loading score in the hypertensive patient: maximum or mean value?]. / ¿Qué medida del grosor íntima-media carotídeo caracteriza mejor la carga aterosclerótica del paciente hipertenso: valor máximo o medio?

Recent guidelines on arterial hypertension regard increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of end-organ damage. However, these guidelines do not specify whether the maximum or mean IMT should be used as an indicator. The aim of this study was to compare these two measures and their relationship to atherosclerotic burden. The study involved 215 consecutive hypertensive patients who were divided into three groups according to their IMT: maximum IMT>0.9mm (with mean IMT<0.9mm); mean IMT>0.9mm (i.e. mean and maximum IMT>0.9mm); and normal IMT. Patients with a pathologically raised IMT (whether maximum or mean value) were more likely to be dyslipidemic, were older, had a longer history of hypertension, and had a poorer glomerular filtration rate and ankle-brachial index. Patients with a mean IMT>0.9mm were more likely to have carotid plaque, carotid stenosis and a low ankle-brachial index than those with a maximum IMT>0.9mm. The mean IMT provided a better indication of atherosclerotic burden in patients with hypertension.

Plasma aldosterone and glomerular filtration in hypertensive patients with preserved renal function.

There is increasing interest in the role of aldosterone in the pathophysiology of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and deteriorating renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aldosterone and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hypertensive patients with preserved renal function. The study involved 186 consecutive hypertensive patients with a GFR >60 mL/min. The GFR was determined using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and the patients' plasma aldosterone levels were measured. Patients with a GFR between 60-89 mL/min had a significantly higher plasma aldosterone level than those with a GFR >90 mL/min (20.02 ng/dL vs. 15.3 ng/dL; P< .05). Multivariate analysis showed that the plasma aldosterone level was independently associated with the GFR (B=-7.36; P< .001). In hypertensive patients with preserved kidney function, the plasma aldosterone level was observed to increase as the GFR decreased.

Aldosterona plasmática y filtrado glomerular en el paciente hipertenso con función renal conservada / Plasma aldosterone and glomerular filtration in hypertensive patients with preserved renal function

Hay un interés creciente en el papel de la aldosterona en la fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial, la enfermedad cardiovascular y el deterioro de la función renal. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar la relación entre la aldosterona y el filtrado glomerular (FG) en pacientes hipertensos con función renal conservada. Hemos estudiado a 186 pacientes hipertensos consecutivos con filtrado renal > 60 ml/min, a quienes se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de aldosterona y el FG mediante la fórmula MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease). Los pacientes con FG de 60-89 ml/min presentaban concentraciones plasmáticas de aldosterona significativamente más elevadas que aquellos con FG > 90 ml/min (20,02 frente a 15,3 ng/dl; p < 0,05). En el análisis multivariable, la aldosterona plasmática se asoció independientemente con el FG (B = -7,36; p < 0,001). En los pacientes hipertensos con función renal conservada se observa un aumento de la aldosterona plasmática a medida que disminuye el FG (AU)

There is increasing interest in the role of aldosterone in the pathophysiology of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and deteriorating renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aldosterone and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hypertensive patients with preserved renal function. The study involved 186 consecutive hypertensive patients with a GFR >60 mL/min. The GFR was determined using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and the patients’ plasma aldosterone levels were measured. Patients with a GFR between 60–89 mL/min had a significantly higher plasma aldosterone level than those with a GFR >90 mL/min (20.02 ng/dL vs. 15.3 ng/dL; P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that the plasma aldosterone level was independently associated with the GFR (B=–7.36; P < .001). In hypertensive patients with preserved kidney function, the plasma aldosterone level was observed to increase as the GFR decreased (AU)

[Anesthesia practice in Catalonia, Spain: background, objectives, and design of the ANESCAT 2003 survey]. / Antecedentes, objetivos y método de la encuesta de actividad anestésica en Cataluña (ANESCAT 2003).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The increasing workload in anesthesiology together with the shortage of anesthetists has led to worldwide concern within the specialty. In 2003, the Catalan Society of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Therapy undertook the ANESCAT survey to determine the anesthesia practice workload in Catalonia, Spain. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A set of 3 questionnaires was used to quantify anesthesia practice and resources. A sample size of 12,228 events was estimated to be necessary to be representative of the number of anesthetic procedures carried out in Catalonia annually. A prospective, cross-sectional survey was carried out on 14 randomly chosen days in 2003. Each hospital designated a coordinator responsible for ensuring that a questionnaire was filled in for each anesthetic procedure, to provide information about patient characteristics, anesthetic technique, and the intervention for which anesthesia was needed. RESULTS: All 131 public and private hospitals in which anesthetic procedures were carried out participated. The geographic distribution was as follows: Barcelona city, 54 (41.2%); rest of the province of Barcelona, 39 (29.8%); Tarragona, 15 (11.5%); Girona, 14 (10.7%), and Lleida, 9 (6.9%). A total of 23,136 questionnaires about anesthesia procedures were received; the number of questionnaires returned on the selected workdays varied by 1.85% and the percentage of incomplete returns was less than 5%. The number of individual anesthetists returning questionnaires for processing was 765. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale study was possible thanks to a simple design and the strong motivation of a community of anesthesiologists. The results have provided an accurate picture of anesthesia practice within a specific geographical area. Such studies are necessary for introducing organizational changes and applying for additional resources.

Antecedentes, objetivos y método de la encuesta de actividad anestésica en Cataluña (ANESCAT 2003) / Anesthesia practice in Catalonia, Spain: background, objectives, and design of the ANESCAT 2003 survey

Fundamento y objetivo: En todo el mundo el incremento de la actividad anestésica y la falta de anestesiólogos suscitan preocupación. En 2003 la Societat Catalana d'Anestesiologia, Reanimació i Terapèutica del Dolor llevó a cabo un estudio para cuantificar la actividad anestesiológica en Cataluña (España) (ANESCAT 2003). Pacientes y método: ANESCAT es un conjunto de 3 encuestas para cuantificar la actividad anestesiológica y los recursos. Se estimó que la muestra necesaria para la representación de las anestesias anuales en Cataluña era de 12.228 casos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo transversal en forma de encuesta realizada en 14 días aleatorios del año 2003. Cada centro designó un coordinador responsable de que se cumplimentara un cuestionario para cada anestesia, el cual recogía información de las características del paciente, técnica anestésica y procedimiento para el que se realizaba. Resultados: En ANESCAT participaron 131 centros sanitarios públicos y privados, el 100% de los que practicaron anestesias en el año 2003. La distribución geográfica de éstos fue: Barcelona ciudad, 54 (41,2%); resto de la provincia, 39 (29,8%); Tarragona, 15 (11,5%); Girona, 14 (10,7%), y Lleida 9, (6,9%). Se recogieron 23.136 cuestionarios de anestesias; la variación del número de cuestionarios recogidos los días laborables de corte fue de un 1,85% y el porcentaje de datos incompletos fue inferior al 5%. Además, se recibieron 765 cuestionarios unipersonales de actividad individualizada. Conclusiones: Con una organización y método sencillos, y una elevada motivación de un colectivo de anestesiólogos, fue posible conducir un estudio extenso que permitió conocer con una gran precisión la actividad que realiza dentro de un territorio. Este tipo de estudios es necesario para introducir cambios en la organización y los requerimientos de recursos

Background and objective: The increasing workload in anesthesiology together with the shortage of anesthetists has led to worldwide concern within the specialty. In 2003, the Catalan Society of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Therapy undertook the ANESCAT survey to determine the anesthesia practice workload in Catalonia, Spain. Patients and method: A set of 3 questionnaires was used to quantify anesthesia practice and resources. A sample size of 12,228 events was estimated to be necessary to be representative of the number of anesthetic procedures carried out in Catalonia annually. A prospective, cross-sectional survey was carried out on 14 randomly chosen days in 2003. Each hospital designated a coordinator responsible for ensuring that a questionnaire was filled in for each anesthetic procedure, to provide information about patient characteristics, anesthetic technique, and the intervention for which anesthesia was needed. Results: All 131 public and private hospitals in which anesthetic procedures were carried out participated. The geographic distribution was as follows: Barcelona city, 54 (41.2%); rest of the province of Barcelona, 39 (29.8%); Tarragona, 15 (11.5%); Girona, 14 (10.7%), and Lleida, 9 (6.9%). A total of 23,136 questionnaires about anesthesia procedures were received; the number of questionnaires returned on the selected workdays varied by 1.85% and the percentage of incomplete returns was less than 5%. The number of individual anesthetists returning questionnaires for processing was 765. Conclusions: This large-scale study was possible thanks to a simple design and the strong motivation of a community of anesthesiologists. The results have provided an accurate picture of anesthesia practice within a specific geographical area. Such studies are necessary for introducing organizational changes and applying for additional resources